食物丰富度对鼠类鉴别和扩散虫蛀短柄枹栎种子的影响

Influence of Food Abundance on Distinguishing and Dispersing of Insect-infested Quercus glandulifera Seeds by Rodents

时空因素和种子特征对森林鼠类扩散植物种子有着非常重要的影响。为了解食物丰富度对鼠类鉴别和扩散虫蛀种子的影响,于2012年春季(4—5月,食物匮乏季节)和2012年秋季(9—11月,食物丰盛季节),采用塑料片标记法,在秦岭南坡的佛坪国家级自然保护区内调查了森林鼠类对完好的和虫蛀的短柄枹栎Quercus glandulifera种子的扩散差异。结果显示:1)森林鼠类可以较为准确地区分完好种子和虫蛀种子。完好种子的扩散速度较快,而虫蛀种子在原地的存留时间相对较长。2)食物丰富度会对鼠类鉴别和扩散虫蛀种子产生一定的影响,但是这种影响并不显著,鼠类在春、秋季均倾向于优先取食或贮藏完好种子。3)完好种子在秋季被鼠类贮藏的比例(20%)显著高于春季(12.5%),说明种子在食物丰盛季节能够获得更大的利益。

Space-time and seed traits had an important influence on seed dispersal by forest rodents. In order to know how food abundance affected the identification and dispersal of seeds by rodents,this study investigated the dispersal differences of intact and insect-infested Quercus glandulifera seeds using plastic-marked method in Foping National Nature Reserve in spring（ April and May,season of food shortage） and autumn（ September,October and November,season of food abundance） in 2012. The results showed that：（1） Forest rodents could distinguish intact and insect-infested seeds. The dispersal speed of intact seeds was faster,while the insect-infested seeds would remain in situ for a longer time.（2） Food abundance could affect the identification and dispersal of seeds by rodents,but the effect was not significant. Both in spring and autumn,rodents would prefer to eat and cache the intact seeds.（3） The caching proportion of intact seeds was higher in autumn（20%） than in spring（12.5%）. This result showed that seeds could get more benefits in food abundance period.