高海拔地区圈养大熊猫粪便可培养细菌分析——以云南野生动物园春季为例

Identification and Analysis of the Culturable Bacterium in the Feces of Captive Giant Pandas in High-altitude:Taking Yunnan Wildlife Park in Kunming in Spring for Example

本研究旨在对高海拔地区圈养大熊猫春季粪便中可培养微生物进行细菌学鉴定与分析。以云南野生动物园3只成年雌性健康大熊猫的春季昼间新鲜粪便为试验材料,经稀释、分离、纯化、保存,通过菌落特征、染色特性、显微形态观测及16S r DNA序列分析等方法鉴定了粪便中可培养细菌种类与数量。结果表明:粪样共分离出12株细菌菌株,鉴定归为6属8种,即大肠杆菌Escherichia coli、短小芽孢杆菌Bacillus pumilus、琼氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter junii、葡萄球菌Staphylococcus sp.、枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis、寡养单胞菌Stenotrophomonas sp.、芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp.和索氏志贺菌Shigella sonnei,其中优势菌是大肠杆菌和芽孢杆菌属,菌落数分别为(15.93±3.10)×107cfu·g-1和(13.33±3.87)×106cfu·g-1,但存在个体间差异(Kruskal-Wallis H test,P<0.05);各时段粪样分离得到菌落数量比较稳定,差异无统计学意义(Friedman test,P>0.05)。研究结果可为大熊猫健康状况监测、合理日粮和肠道微生态等深入研究提供基础资料和科学依据。

This experiment was conducted to study the variety and number of culturable bacteria in the feces of there adult female giant pandas（ Ailuropoda melanoleuca） under captive condition in Yunnan Wildlife Park with high-altitude in spring.Apparent differences were observed in colony shape,color,surface texture and 16 S r DNA sequence after identification. The results showed that,a total of 12 strains of bacteria were isolated including 6 genera,8 species（ 4 Escherichia coli,1 Bacillus pumilus,1 Acinetobacter junii,1 Staphylococcus sp.,1 Bacillus subtilis,1 Stenotrophomonas sp.,2 Bacillus sp.,and 1Shigella sonnei）. Among of the identified strains,6 of them（ 4 Escherichia coli and 2 Bacillus sp.） were dominant strains.There were significant differences of the numbers of Escherichia coli and Bacillus sp. among the individuals（ Kruskal-Wallis H Test,P〈0. 05）. Moreover,the population of isolated strains were not the same in different periods of the daytime（ Friedman Test,P〉0. 05）. Our results provided basic data and information for the monitor of the health status,food menu arrangement and the intestinal florae changes of the giant panda.