毒饵站防治赤腹松鼠危害效果研究

Bait Station for Controlling Bark-stripping Damage by Red-bellied Squirrel

为防治赤腹松鼠对人工林的危害,进行了利用喉管状聚氯乙烯(PVC)软管制作的毒饵站防治赤腹松鼠危害效果的研究。研究设4个防治样地(每公顷分别安装4个和8个毒饵站,毒饵站中投放有效成分为0.005%的溴敌隆大米毒饵)和1个对照样地,对照样地每公顷安装8个毒饵站(投无毒大米饵料)。毒饵投放于2014年3月初进行,投放毒饵后,4—7月、9月和12月调查防治样地和对照样地中的新增危害数、投放在毒饵站中的无毒饵料取食情况和赤腹松鼠个体数等指标的变化情况,评估防治效果。结果显示:毒饵投放后的4月份,4个防治样地内新危害分别下降90.00%、85.71%、93.75%、77.78%,与对照样地间的差异有统计学意义;4个防治样地内无毒饵料取食率分别下降83.33%、91.30%、97.18%、94.83%,与对照样地间的差异有统计学意义;在防治样地内,无论是无毒饵料的取食率,还是新增危害数,均长期保持较低水平。此外,毒饵投放后的4月份,防治样地内可见赤腹松鼠个体数下降83.33%。整个实验过程中没有发现非靶动物和二次中毒现象发生。据实验结果,结合溴敌隆大米毒饵的毒饵站防治赤腹松鼠效果好。在洪雅人工林场,推荐每公顷安装4个毒饵站;防治时间以每年3月初为宜,1年防治1次即可有效减少赤腹松鼠种群数量和降低危害。

In order to control bark-stripping damage of artificial forest caused by red-bellied squirrel（ Callosciurus erythraeus）,the ability of polyvinyl chloride（ PVC） bait stations containing 0. 005% bromadiolone rice baits was tested in this study. Treatments consisted of two replicates applied to either four or eight PVC bait stations per ha in treatment blocks,and one control applied to eight PVC bait stations containing non-toxic baits（ rice baits）. Toxic baits were delivered in early March,2014. The control effect after delivering toxic baits were evaluated by investigating new damage number,feeding rate of non-toxic baits and individual numbers observed in April to July,September and December in both treatment and control plots. The results showed that,in April,new bark-stripping damage in the treatment plots decreased by 90. 00%,85. 71%,93. 75% and 77. 78%,respectively,and the difference between treatment and control plots was significant;Feeding rates of non-toxic baits in the treatment plots decreased by 83. 33%,91. 30%,97. 18% and 94. 83%,respectively,and these values also significantly differed with the control plot. Additionally,in April,the number of individuals observed in the treatment plots decreased by 83. 33%. No case of non-target species and secondary poisoning was observed.The results indicated that bait stations with 0. 005% bromadiolone rice baits were effective for controlling red-bellied squirrel caused bark-stripping damage. Thus,for Hongya artificial forest,we recommended an application rate of four bait stations per ha. Delivering toxic bait in March once a year can control bark-stripping damage caused by red-bellied squirrels.