论文学演变中的自然与人为——晚清到五四(1847—1917)

The Spontaneous and Factitious Factors in the Transformation of Literature: From the Late Qing Dynasty to the May 4^(th) New Cultural Movement(1847-1917)

文学的演变沿着两条不一样的途径前行:作者孤立而不自觉的写作探索和有识之士登高振臂的呼吁。前者是写作范围内自然而然发生的,后者则是因应社会环境严峻急迫而发生的人为推动。被视为中国文史学上一大转折的晚清到五四时期,这两种文学演变的方式兼而有之。首先是旧诗诗人孤立的诗艺探索累积了诗观念突破的可能性,旧诗的自然演变终于与新诗爆发式的产生"逆接"在一起。在这一时期内小说转变的人为推动计有三次:傅兰雅"时新小说征文"、梁启超"新小说"倡导和五四"文学革命"。文学理念的演变经历了从"读者发现"到"文学发现"的过程。

The transformation of literature has got along on two different ways. Some lonely authors made their exploration of writing in a spontaneous way, while some far-sighted writers called for its change. The former phenomenon was spontaneous within the domain of writing, while the latter phenomenon happened as a result of the artificial promotion caused by the urgent and severe social situation. In the period from the late Qing Dynasty to the May Fourth New Cultural Movement which was seen as a major turning point in the history of Chinese literature, there emerged these two types of transformation of literature. The lonely exploration made by the old-style poets in their poetic art made it more probable to break through the traditional concept of poetry. The spontaneous change of old-style poems was finally conversely linked with the breakthrough birth of new poems. In this period, the transformation of novels underwent three artificial promotions： John Fryer＇ s （傅兰雅） calling for ＂trendy novels＂, Liang Qichao＇ s （梁启超） ＂ new novels＂ and ＂ the Revolution of Literature ＂ in the May Fourth New Cultural Movement. The transformation of the concept of literature processed from ＂the discovery of the reader＂ to ＂the discovery of literature＂ in this period.