“新道统”理念下的偏见——朱熹讨伐“苏学”的文化诉求

The Prejudice under the Theory of Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy——the Cultural Appeal of Zhu Xi's Accusation against Su Shi's Theory

在朱熹的心目中,风行于朝野的"苏学"既使广大士人"被其毒者沦肌浃髓而不自知",又严重地阻碍自己"新道统"的创构与张扬,因此展开全面深入地讨伐与清算。朱熹创构与张扬以"心性"为内核的"新道统"是对高宗的"道统"传承权与掌控权的公然否定,目的在于以"道统"传承者的身份,劝君行道,以"新道统"的理念引领君王治天下,具有强烈的政治儒学化的文化诉求。"新道统"是朱熹处理文道关系的思想基础,形成道主宰文、"文便是道"的文道观,忽略文学独立存在的价值,与他对"苏学"的讨伐一样存在明显的偏见。对此须联系朱熹勇于挑战君权,张扬"新道统"的历史场域及其文化诉求加以认识。

In Zhu Xi＇s （朱熹） mind, Su Shi＇s Theory （苏学） which was popular inside and outside the imperial court, not only poisoned the numerous scholar-officials＇ minds without their consciousness, but also obstructed him from constructing and carrying forward his Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy （新道统）. Therefore, he unfolded an overall and profound accusation and criticism against Su Shi＇ s Theory. Zhu Xi＇ s Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy with the ＂nature of mind＂ （心性） as its core was an undisguised denial of the inheritance and control rights of Confucian orthodoxy by Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty （宋高宗）. As an inheritor of Confucian orthodoxy, Zhu Xi aimed his Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy to persuade the emperors to follow the concept of Confucian philosophy and use the ideas of Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy to govern the country, which was filled with strong cultural appeal for the Confucianization of politics. The Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy was the ideological basis for Zhu Xi to handle the relationship between writings and doctrines, thus forming his concept of writings and doctrines, in which doctrines dominate writings and writings are doctrines. But Zhu Xi ignored the value of the independent existence of literature, which was an obvious bias similar to his accusation against Su Shi＇ s Theory. Hereby, it is necessary to understand Zhu Xi＇ s prejudice in connection with the historical environment in which he was courageous to challenge the monarchical power and carry forward his Neo-Confucian Orthodox and also in connection with his cultural appeal.