竞技运动中的身体变迁

A study of body transition in competitive sports

回顾竞技运动发展演化历史,梳理身体作为竞技运动载体的变迁过程,发现中西方身体哲学研究始终处于被动状态。竞技运动中对身体的漠视、对身体的政治干预、权利和支配关系的制约,以及按照复杂交互关系对肉体的"经济性"使用,造成竞技主体的精神化、竞技身体的工具化。进一步表现为,人类依靠力量与精神创造的竞技运动脱离人本身,并在客体化的过程中与主体分离、对立,反过来控制主体。为此,应当从身体的开拓性建构出发创建竞技法则和秩序的合理性。

The author reviewed the history of development and evolution of competitive sports, sorted out the proc-ess of transition of the body as the carrier of competitive sports, and found that the study of body philosophy in ori-ental and western countries had always been in a passive state. The indifference to the body in competitive sports, the political intervention toward the body, the restriction of right and governance relationship, and the “economical” use of the body in accordance with complex interaction relationship, have caused the spiritualization of the competi-tive subject and the instrumentalization of the competitive body. It is further shown that competitive sports created by human beings based on power and spirit break away from human beings themselves, separate from and go against the subject in the process of objectification, and control the subject reversely. Therefore, the rationality of competition rules and orders should be established, starting with the pioneering building of the body.