神经分泌素Secretoneurin的研究进展

Research progress of secretoneurin

神经分泌素（SN）是分泌粒蛋白II（SgII）前体最保守的序列,由33～34个氨基酸组成.在硬骨鱼类的世系中,可能发生特定的基因组复制事件产生SN的两个旁系同源基因：SNa和SNb.在所有已知SN肽的中央核心都包含“YTPQ-X-LA-X7-EL”这10个相同的氨基酸.SN免疫反应（SN-ir）在哺乳动物主要的垂体细胞类型中发现.其内分泌功能最显著的例子是刺激金鱼垂体和小鼠LβT2促性腺激素细胞中促黄体生成素的释放,表明SN在生殖调控中有重要作用.研究表明,SN受体有可能是一个G蛋白偶联受体.文章对SN的起源、结构、调控垂体激素及其作用机制等方面的最新研究进展予以综述,并展望了SN今后的发展前景.

Secretoneurin (SN)is derived from the most conservative sequence of the precursor secretogranin II (SgII),consists of 33 ~34 amino acids.In the teleost lineage,the specific genome duplication events that may occur to produce both paralogs of SN:SNa and SNb.In all known SN peptides,it contains 10 same amino acid with signature YTPQ-X-LA-X7-EL of the central core.Secretoneurin immunoreactivity (SN-ir)is found in the primarily mammalian pituitary cell types.The most notable example of the endocrine function of SN is the stimu-lation on luteinizing hormone release from goldfish pituitary cells and mouse LβT2 gonadotroph cells,which sug-gests that SN plays an important role in the regulation of reproduction.Studies have shown that SN receptor may be a G protein-coupled receptors.In this paper,we summarize the origin and structure of Secretoneurin,regula-ting the hormone of pituitary and mechanism of action for SN in the recent research progress.The research of SN trends for the future development prospects are proposed.