中国农村扶贫工作“内卷化”困境及其治理

The Involution Dilemma and Governance of Rural Poverty Reduction in China

正向效应而言,中国农村扶贫工作促成了减贫成就的巨大彰显;但从逆向层面来看,当前扶贫工作已经呈现出"内卷化"的总体性困局。在扶贫资源不断增加的情况下,扶贫系统内部愈发精细化和复杂化,但却难以实现从"救济式"向"开发式"转变进而达到可持续发展的减贫目标,反而陷入到难有实质性发展的刚性结构之中。农村扶贫工作内卷化表现为扶贫投资边际效应递减、扶贫治理体系架空悬浮、贫困农村内部分化加剧、扶贫效果难以可持续以及贫困地区生态承载压力巨大等综合矛盾现象。内卷化困境的生成机制多元而复杂,且各种因素互构共变,彼此嵌套。要实现"去内卷化",应当努力构建顶层设计与基层创新相结合的扶贫政策体系、区域瞄准与精准扶贫相结合的扶贫瞄准机制、项目输入与农民回应相结合的项目运作机制、外部支持与内源发展相结合的扶贫干预体系以及主攻农村与乡城一体相结合的扶贫空间格局。

From the positive perspective, rural poverty reduction contributed great highlight achievements in China; rather from a negative to see the poverty reduction has been plunged into overarching dilemma of the 'Involution'. In the case of the increasing resources, poverty reduction system become more sophisticated and complex, but it is difficult to achieve from the 'relief-type' to 'development-oriented' and thus achieve the goal of sustainable development, and then fell into the rigid structure. The involution of rural poverty reduction embodied in many integrated paradox including marginal effect diminishing of poverty reduction investment, overhead suspension of poverty reduction governance system, internal differentiation aggravating in poor rural, the effect of poverty reduction being unsustainable, poverty area ecological carrying pressure and so on. The generating mechanisms of involution is diverse and complex, and the various factors mutual-construction, nested within each other. The following points must be given special attention to 'De-involution': the policies system combining top design and basic innovation, the aiming mechanism combining regional aiming and precise aiming, the project operation mechanism combining projectinputting and farmers-responding, the intervention system combining external-supporting and endogenous development, the spatial pattern combining rural as the main and rural-urban development.