论残障儿童家庭支持性福利政策与服务体系建设

Construction of Home-based Welfare Policy and Services for the Children with Disability

家庭是社会的基本单元,是残障儿童赖以生存和发展的最重要的社会系统。长期以来,中国残障儿童福利政策属于抢救补缺型,而不是支持发展型,家庭没有纳入到政策和服务视野。残障研究与政策理念以个人模式为主导,强调父母与家庭抚育残障孩子的责任,而忽略了政府的政策引导以及对家庭的福利服务支持,造成中国残障儿童家庭不堪重负,并引发各类社会问题。养育残障儿童既是家庭的责任,更是社会与国家的责任。英美等诸多国家都已制定了儿童福利法及各类法案,为残障儿童及家庭提供诸多支持与福利服务,改善社会环境,促进残障人士参与社会生活。中国经过30多年的改革开放,经济高速发展,社会管理创新应当及时回应社会现实需要,构建残障儿童家庭支持性福利政策与服务体系。

As the basic unit of society, family is the most important social system which disabled child relies on. The welfare policies for the children with disability in China are mainly residual and minimalist rather than supportive and developmental orientation. Family and caregivers are excluded from the welfare system. Medical model and individual pathology model are prevailing in disability research and policymaking. The family with a disabled child in China takes the most responsibilities and has to afford the heavy pressure and burden, while the government's responsibility is ignored. This resulted in various social problems. The government and society should take more duties for the children with disability. Most countries have made the Child Welfare Act to provide social services to support the family with disabled children, and promoted the disabled people to participate in social life. China has made more progress in economy and social management in more than 30 years of reformation. We suggest that we should construct the home-based social welfare system to support the family with disabled children.