韩国社会保障体系和福利治理

South Korean Social Security System and Welfare Governance

韩国的社会福利治理是从20世纪50年代初开始形成,韩国的社会服务是通过国外机构的援助和民间服务机构供给相结合而形成,而政府只发挥规制和调节的作用,这与西方福利国家是有区别的。在应对新世纪以后出现的新社会风险(低出生率和老龄化)过程中,福利治理问题带着新的形态和样式而登场。本文梳理韩国社会服务供给体系,阐述福利治理的重要性,提出应对方案,包括控制产业制度化服务方式及应对方案,加强社会服务的人性化特征和参与机制,加强关系取向的服务属性和社区服务。本文对开展福利治理的国际比较具有重要的参考意义。

This study intends to explain the issues of social security system and welfare governance in South Korea. First of all, three basic pillars of South Korean social security system: social insurance, public assistance, and social service are presented in terms of what they are doing now, and the roles of social service sector been taken historically within the social security system are specifically explained. The issue of welfare governance has been dealt different way compared to the case of Western advanced welfare states. After the Korean War(1950) period, social welfare service had been in the center of the social security system, because of the absence of government sponsored social insurance and public assistance programs at that time. As the result, providing social welfare services for the poor, orphans, elderly, disabled, widows, and other population were left to the responsibility of the private sectors(volunteers, non-profit organizations, and foreign-aid agencies). The situation has changed rapidly during the 2000 s when the issues of new social risks(low-birth rate and aging) emerged with great fear. Since then, the issue of welfare governance in Korea has taken newly concerns and importance. This study suggests the need for establishing ‘good' welfare governance for healthy social service provision system, and three alternative ways of doing it. First, restrain from the dependence on industryinstitutional provision. Second, emphasize human service characteristics and participatory form. Third, strengthen relational-attributes and community-bases. The study would contribute to theoretical establishment for the further national comparison studies on welfare governance.