社区卫生服务中心就诊男性现在吸烟者尼古丁依赖状况调查

Survey on nicotine dependence among male outpatients in Weifang community health center

目的了解社区卫生服务中心就诊男性现在吸烟者的尼古丁依赖程度及其影响因素，为有效开展社区控烟工作提供科学依据。方法采用横断面调查的方法，对2013年2—4月在上海市浦东新区潍坊社区卫生服务中心就诊的805名18～75岁的男性进行吸烟行为的问卷调查；采用尼古丁依赖程度测量量表（FTND）评价其尼古丁依赖程度；尼古丁依赖的相关因素采用多元线性回归分析。结果男性就诊者的现在吸烟率为44．8％（361／805），现在吸烟者的平均FTND评分为（3．6±2．7）分，尼古丁轻度、中度和重度依赖者的比例分别为52．1％（188／361）、21．0％（76／361）和26．9％（97／361）。多元线性回归分析显示，离婚或丧偶者（β=2．87，t=3．74，P=0．000）、受教育程度为初中者（β=0．93，t=2．26，P=0．025）、吸烟年限在30年以上（β=1．79，t=2．18，P=0．030）吸烟者的尼古丁依赖程度高；而年龄在66岁以上（β=-1．73，t=1.99，P=0．048）及戒烟意愿强烈（β=-0．70，t=2．14，P=0．033）的吸烟者尼古丁依赖程度较低。结论上海市浦东新区潍坊社区卫生服务中心就诊男性吸烟者中，中、重度尼古丁依赖者所占比例较高，而尼古丁依赖程度与吸烟者的年龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度、吸烟年限及戒烟意愿等因素相关。

Objective To estimate nicotine dependence level and its influencing factors among male outpatients in community health centers. Methods A cross-sectional study on smoking behaviors was conducted among 805 male outpatients in Weifang community health center, Shanghai. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence （FTND） and multiple linear regression model were used to analyze the risk factors of nicotine dependence. Results The current smoking prevalence of male outpatients was 44.8% （ 361/805 ） and the average FTND score for current smokers was 3.6 （ SD ： 2.7 ）. The low, moderate and high nicotine dependence rates were 52.1% , 21.0% and 26.9% , respectively. Multiple linear regression model showed that risk factors of nicotine dependence were divorce or bereavement of spouse （β = 2.87, t = 3.74, P = 0. 000） , junior high school level education （β = 0.93, t = 2.26,P = 0. 025 ） , duration of smoking 〉 30 years （β = 1.79, t = 2.18, P = 0. 030） ; while age ≥ 66 years （β = - 1.73, t = 1.99, P = 0. 048 ） , strong desire of quitting（β = - 0.70, t = 2. 14, P = 0. 033 ） were protective factors of nicotine dependence. Conclusions The rate of moderate and high nicotine dependence among male outpatients in community health center is high. Age, marital status, level of education, duration of smoking and desire of quitting are influencing factors of nicotine dependence.