铁棍山药新品种选育研究

Research on Breeding of Dioscorea opposita cv. Tiegun

目的:为了选育出综合性状优良的铁棍山药新品种。方法:通过铁棍山药零余子太空诱变育种,筛选7个新品系(分别编号为1号、2号、4号、6号、8号、9号、10号)与对照(主栽品种铁棍山药)在产量、尿囊素含量、水溶性浸出物及抗病性等方面进行了测定分析,并对新品系10号、6号和对照进行了营养成分测定分析。结果:(1)单株鲜重6号>10号>4号>9号>1号>对照>2号>8号,6号和10号单株鲜重均高于对照,与对照比较差异极显著(P<0.01);折干率2号>10号>9号>6号>8号>对照>1号>4号,10号和6号折干率均高于对照;单株干重10号>9号>6号>2号>1号>对照>4号>8号,10号和6号单株干重均高于对照。(2)尿囊素含量6号>4号>10号>对照>9号>8号>2号>1号,6号尿囊素含量高于10号和对照,与10号和对照比较差异显著(P<0.05);10号尿囊素含量高于对照,但差异不显著;6号在尿囊素含量方面具有显著优势,10号尿囊素含量与对照相近。(3)浸出物含量6号>2号>4号>10号>1号>对照>9号>8号,浸出物含量6号高于10号和对照,与10号和对照比较差异极显著(P<0.01);10号浸出物含量高于对照,与对照比较差异显著(P<0.05)。(4)10号口感干、面、甜、香,具有明显优势;6号口感干、面、硬,9号口感干、脆,表现一般。(5)6号高抗炭疽病,高抗褐斑病,抗性较高;10号中抗炭疽病,高抗褐斑病,抗性表现良好;对照中感炭疽病,中抗褐斑病,抗性一般。(6)10号和6号淀粉、还原糖、蛋白质、灰分含量均高于对照,水分含量低于对照,10号和6号营养品质好于对照。结论:新品系10号(审定名为"铁棍06-1")适合作为食用铁棍山药新品种推广;新品系6号适合作为药用铁棍山药新品种推广。

Objective： To breeding the new varieties Dioscorea opposita cv. Tiegun with the best comprehensive properties. Methods： Seven new Dioscorea opposita. cv. Tiegun cultivars were screened by space mutation breeding of Dioscorea opposita cv. Tiegun bulbils. Yield,allantoin content,water soluble extractive and the resistance of these seven cultivars were compared with the main cultivar Dioscorea opposita cv. Tiegun（ CK）. Meanwhile,the nutrition quality of new cultivars No. 6 and No. 10 were compared with the main cultivar. Results：（ 1） The fresh weight per plant ranked in the order as follows： No. 6 No. 10 No. 4 No. 9 No. 1 CK No. 2 No. 8. The drying rate ranked in the order as follows： No. 2 No. 10 No. 9 No. 6 No. 8 CK No. 1 No. 4. Dry weight per plant ranked in the order as follows： No. 10 No. 9 No. 6 No. 2 No. 1 CK No. 4 No. 8. The fresh weight per plant,drying rate and dry weight per plant of No. 6 and No. 10 were higher than the main cultivar.（ 2） The allantoin content ranked in the order as follows：No. 6 No. 4 No. 10 CK No. 9 No. 8 No. 2 No. 1.（ 3） The water soluble extractive contents ranked in the order as follows：No. 6 No. 2 No. 4 No. 10 No. 1 CK No. 9 No. 8. The water soluble extractive content of No. 6 was higher than No. 10 and the main cultivar.（ 4） No. 10 had the best taste of dry,soft,sweet and fragrant,No. 6 had the taste of dry,floury and hard,and No. 9 had the taste of dry and crisp.（ 5） No. 6 had the strongest resistance to Gloeosporium pestis and Cykindrosporium dioscoreae; No. 10 had a middle resistance to Gloeosporium pestis and a strong resistance to Cykindrosporium dioscoreae; and the main cultivar had a middle degree of being prone to Gloeosporium pestis and a middle resistance to Cykindrosporium dioscoreae.（ 6） The content of starch,reducing sugar,protein and ash in No. 6 and No. 10 were higher than that of the main cultivar,while the content of water in No. 6 and No. 10 were lower,which indicated that the nutrition quality of No. 6 and No. 10 is better than the main cultivar. Conclusion： The new cultivar No. 10 is suitable for popularizing as a new variety of edible Dioscorea opposita cv. Tiegun. The new cultivar No. 6 is suitable for popularizing as a new variety of medicinal Dioscorea opposita cv. Tiegun.