南京市21家建筑行业粉尘危害调查及控制方法

Dust hazard investigation and control method in 21 construction enterprises of Nanjing City

目的粉尘在建筑业危害因素中占据主导地位。控制粉尘,可以大大减少其对建筑行业有关人群的危害。方法按照国家卫生部建筑行业职业病危害预防控制规范,对南京市21家建筑行业防护措施和职业卫生管理状况进行现场调查,并对作业点粉尘进行现场检测。结果调查发现3家大型建筑企业粉尘防控设施设置到位,职业卫生管理完善,实际粉尘检测超标率为零;而18家小型建筑企业粉尘防控设施缺失,职业卫生管理不严格,实际粉尘检测超标率为71.2%。另外,在调查过程中发现在建筑企业中针对粉尘防控普遍存在的一些问题。结论针对该市建筑行业现场调查与检测所发现的问题,为减少粉尘对建筑行业职业暴露人群所造成的危害,作者提出并整理了若干粉尘危害控制方法供探讨。

[Objective]Dust is the main hazard in the construction industry. To control dust can greatly reduce the harms to the people related with the construction industry.[Methods]According to the ＂Prevention and Control Specifications of Occupational Diseases in Construction Industry＂ formulated by National Health Ministry, the investigations on protective measures and occupational health management, and the field test of dust in operation points were conducted on 21 construction enterprises in Nanjing City.[Results]It was found that the dust control facilities and occupational health managements were satisfactory in 3 large construction enterprises, with the over standard rate of 0. But those in 18 small construction enterprises were not satisfactory, with the over standard rate of 71.2%. Also some common existed problems were identified in the construction enterprises during the investigation. [Conclusion]For the problems found in the construction industry of this city, to reduce the harm of dust in construction industry caused by occupational exposure, several dust hazard control methods are brought forward in this paper for discussion.