河北省某国有煤企粉尘作业人员健康现状调查

Investigation on the health status of dust-exposed workers in a state-owned coal enterprise in Hebei Province

目的了解河北省某国有煤矿井下粉尘作业人员的健康现状,为企业防治尘肺病或其他职业健康损害及疾病提供依据。方法根据卫生部《职业健康监护管理办法》及GBZ 188-2007《职业健康监护技术规范》规定和要求采用横断面调查法,对某煤企井下接触煤尘、岩尘的在岗职工进行职业健康检查,并对检查结果进行统计学分析。结果该煤企采掘面总尘浓度为1.65 mg/m3,呼尘浓度为1.18 mg/m3;采煤面总尘浓度为6.96 mg/m3,呼尘浓度为4.22 mg/m3。尘肺病检出率为0.075%,发病工龄为(24.5±7.14)a,发病年龄(47.75±7.27)岁;X线胸片异常检出率2.27%,掘进工和采煤工X线胸片异常检出率高于辅助工;血压偏高检出率为7.04%,掘进工和采煤工的血压偏高的检出率低于管理人员;心电图异常检出率为10.71%,掘进工和采煤工心电图异常检出率高于辅助工和管理人员;血糖异常检出率为7.54%,血脂异常检出率为32.53%,肝功能异常检出率为12.42%,血尿常规异常检出率为8.31%,这4项异常检出率随工龄的增长而增高,其中血脂异常与工种相关,掘进工和采煤工的血脂异常检出率低于辅助工和管理人员。结论该煤企井下作业场所中的粉尘浓度达到国家标准,改善了工人的作业环境,使尘肺病的发病率逐年下降,但粉尘作业人员的健康现状仍不容乐观,应该开展有效的健康教育和健康促进工作,防治尘肺或其他职业健康损害及疾病的发生。

[Objective] To understand the health status of underground dust-exposed workers in a state-owned coal mine, and provide evidence for prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis and other occupational diseases.[Methods]According to the Ministry of health ＂The Occupational Health Management Approach＂ and ＂Technical Specification for The Occupational Health Regulations and Requirements（GBZ 188-2007）, health examination was performed on underground dust-exposed workers, and the results were analyzed statistically.[Results]The total dust concentration was 1.65 mg/m3 in mining face, and the concentration dust was 1.18 mg/m3. The total dust concentration was 6.96 mg/m3 in coal mining face, and the concentration dust was 4.22 mg/m3.The detection rate of pneumoconiosis was 0.075%,the onset service length was（24.5±7.14）years, and the onset age was（47.75±7.27）years. X-ray chest radiograph anomaly detection rate was 2.27%, the tunneling workers and miners’ X-ray sternum anomaly detection rate was higher than the auxiliary workers. The detection rate of high blood pressure was 7.04%, the tunneling workers and miners’ high blood pressure detection rate was lower than the management personnel. The ECG abnormality detection rate was10.71%,the tunneling workers and miners were higher than auxiliary workers and management personnel. The detection rate of abnormal blood glucose, dyslipidemia, abnormal liver function, abnormal urine and blood routine test was 7.54%, 32.53%,12.42%, 8.31%,respectively, which increased with extending length of service. Dyslipidemia was related with the type of work.The tunneling workers and miners’ dyslipidemia detection rate was lower than the auxiliary workers and management personnel.[Conclusion]The dust concentration in underground workplace of this enterprise meets the national standard. The improvement of work environment makes the incidence of pneumoconiosis decrease annually. But the health conditions of dust-exposed workers are not optimistic. It is necessary to carry out effective health education and health promotion to prevent pneumoconiosis or other occupational diseases.