1975—2014年江阴市尘肺病发病状况

Incidence state of pneumoconiosis in Jiangyin from 1975-2014

目的分析江阴市1975—2014年间累计报告新发尘肺病状况,探讨其发病特征和发展趋势,为尘肺防治工作提供科学依据。方法对1975—2014年江阴市新发尘肺病例进行回顾性分析,包括新发病例的诊断年度、病种、行业、工种分布,以及平均发病年龄、平均发病工龄的年度变化趋势。结果 1975—2014年江阴市共计诊断尘肺病新病例1 892例,其中男性发病人数为1 647人,占87.05%;平均发病年龄55.1岁,平均发病工龄17.9 a。病种以矽肺为主,其次为电焊工尘肺、铸工尘肺;矽肺以壹期、贰期为主,分别占44.35%、44.08%;其他尘肺以壹期为主,占69.49%。行业分布矽肺集中在非金属矿物制品业,电焊工尘肺、铸工尘肺则以设备制造业为主。尘肺病平均发病年龄呈逐渐上升趋势,各诊断年份间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);平均发病工龄呈逐渐延长趋势,各诊断年份间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。矽肺组与矽肺以外其他尘肺组相比,平均发病年龄和平均发病工龄差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论江阴市尘肺病发病形势依然严峻,在妥善安置关闭采矿企业矽肺病患者的同时,需重点关注设备制造业电焊工、铸工等接尘工人,加强防护,做好职业健康监护,降低尘肺发病率。

[Objective]To analyze the condition of cumulative report new pneumoconiosis in Jiangyin from 1975-2014, explore its characteristics and development trends, and provide scientific basis for pneumoconiosis prevention and control work.[Methods]The database of new cases of pneumoconiosis reported in Jiangyin from 1975-2014 was subjected to retrospective analysis. The statistical indices included the diagnosis year of new cases, distributions of pneumoconiosis types, industry and work types, the annual variation trend of mean age of the onset and length of service.[Results]1 892 new cases of pneumoconiosis were diagnosed in Jiangyin from 1975-2014, among which 1 647 male cases accounted for 87.05%. The average onset age was55.1 years old and the average length of service was 17.9 years. Silicosis was the most, followed by electric arc welder pneumoconiosis and foundry worker pneumoconiosis. 44.35% of silicosis were at stage I and 44.08% were at stage II. Other cases of pneumoconiosis were mainly at stage I, which accounted for 69.49%. Most of silicosis occurred in non-metallic mineral products industry workers, electric arc welder pneumoconiosis and foundry worker pneumoconiosis occurred in equipment manufacturing industry workers. The average onset age of pneumoconiosis showed the rising trend, and the difference among diagnosis years was statistically significant（P 〈0.01）. The average length of service showed the extended trend, and the difference among diagnosis years was statistically significant（P〈0.01）. The differences of average onset age and length of service between silicosis group and other pneumoconiosis group were statistically significant（ all P〈0.01）. [Conclusion]The prevalence of pneumoconiosis is still serious in Jiangyin. We need to make appropriate arrangements for silicosis patients from closed mining enterprise and pay more attention to the dust workers engaged in equipment manufacturing industry. The protection for dust-exposed work and the occupational health surveillance should be strengthened so as to reduce the incidence of pneumoconiosis.