北京市西城区居民健康素养状况分析

Analysis on health literacy of residents in Xicheng District of Beijing

目的了解北京市西城区居民现阶段健康素养水平,为制定有针对性的干预策略及措施提供科学依据。方法于2012年12月采用分层按比例整群抽样方法进行样本抽取。根据第6次人口普查的数据显示,15~24岁人群占10%,25~59岁人群占80%,60~69岁人群约占总样本量的10%,结合实际工作情况,分别在学校、政府机关、社区居民中按比例抽取2 855人进行调查。对收回的调查表进行统一编码,用EPIData创建数据库进行数据录入,用SPSS17.0软件包进行数据分析。结果北京市西城区居民健康素养具备率为41.2%,其中涉及到的7类健康问题素养水平从高到低排位依次为安全与急救（75.5%）、科学健康观（74.6%）,传染病预防（58.6%）,慢性病预防（34.3%）、基本医疗（32.6%）、健康信息获取理解与应用（24.6%）、日常保健（15.1%）。健康素养总水平及各类健康问题素养水平在不同特征人群间表现为：女性高于男性,低年龄组和高年龄组较低;随着文化程度的提高,其健康素养水平也相应提高;职业分布以医务人员、教师和公务人员最高,农民、学生、企业人员较低。结论西城区居民健康素养水平较高。在涉及到的7类健康问题素养水平中,安全与急救、科学健康观素养水平相对较高,通过掌握该区不同人口学特征健康素养的现状,发现薄弱环节,明确了今后健康素养促进工作的重点。

[Objective]To assess the health literacy level of residents in Xicheng District of Beijing, provide a scientific basis for developing targeted intervention policies and strategies.[Methods]A proportionally stratified cluster sampling method was used to select the subjects from schools, government agencies and communities in Xicheng District. According to the proportion of different age groups from the sixth census data（people aged 15-24 years old accounted for 10%, these aged 25-59 years old accounted for 80% and those aged 60-69 years old accounted for 10%）, 2 855 subjects were recruited for a questionnaire investigation. A unified coding was given to the completed questionnaires and a database was created for data entry with Epidata,while SPSS 17.0 was applied in data analysis.[Results]The proportion of residents with health literacy in Xicheng District was41.2%. The awareness rate of seven questions in health literacy from high to low was safety and emergency treatment（75.5%）,scientific health concept（74.6%）, prevention of infectious diseases（58.6%）, prevention of chronic diseases（34.3%）, basic medical knowledge（32.6%）, health information acquisition, comprehension and application（24.6%）, and daily health care（15.1%）,respectively. The general level of health literacy and level of health literacy questions in females were higher than those in males,the levels in low age group and high age groups were lower relatively, and the level of health literacy was higher in people with higher education level. The occupational distribution showed that the level of health literacy in medical personnel, teachers and civil servants was the highest, while that in farmers, students, business people was low.[Conclusion]The level of health literacy among residents in Xicheng District is satisfactory. Among seven questions in health literacy, the awareness rates of safety and emergency treatment, and scientific health concept are higher relatively. It is essential to find out the weak link by analyzing the current situation of health literacy level among population with different demographic characteristics, to realize the key points of health literacy promotion in future.