2010—2014年南通市未分型肝炎报告病例流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of undifferentiated hepatitis reported cases in Nantong from 2010-2014

目的通过了解南通市2010-2014年未分型的病毒性肝炎（以下简称肝炎）流行特征,提出相应的防制策略。方法收集南通市2010—2014年肝炎疫情报告资料,采用描述流行病学方法,分析未分型肝炎报告的＂三间分布＂,并对发病趋势进行统计。结果 15年间共报告未分型肝炎2 876例,死亡1例,年发病率（7.81/10万）,年病死率（0.021/10万）,报告发病率总体呈逐年下降的趋势（χ2趋势=7.36,P〈0.01）;各年度未分型肝炎占比差异亦有统计学意义（χ2=10.77,v=4,P〈0.05）。2发病高峰期在3—6月份,占37.93%。3未分型肝炎年均发病率（/10万）位于前3位的是如东县（18.275）、海安县（11.192）和通州区（9.041）,启东市（1.330）最低。4未分型肝炎发病率男女性别比为1.630∶1,各年龄组均有发病,0~10岁发病率稳定在较低的水平（0.66/10万）,随着年龄增长发病率逐渐升高,并在65岁~组达到高峰（11.06/10万）,45~75岁发病人数占报告总数的62.31%,职业以农民和工人为主,占79.798%。结论南通市自2010年开始推进强化急性肝炎实验室病原学诊断并取得了显著效果,未分型肝炎报告发病率偏高,对未分型肝炎原因还须深入调查,剔除可明确病原的病因,探索未知的病因。

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of undifferentiated hepatitis in Nantong from 2010-2014,provide the corresponding control strategy.[Methods]The reported data of viral hepatitis epidemic in Nantong from 2010-2014 were collected, the ’distribution of three’ of undifferentiated hepatitis were analyzed by descriptive epidemiologic method, and the incidence trend were analyzed statistically.[Results]1 A total of 2 892 cases of undifferentiated hepatitis were reported in 5years, one case dead, the annual incidence rate was 7.81/100 000, annual mortality rate was 0.021/100 000, reported incidence showed a declining trend year by year（χ2=7.36, P〈0.01）. The difference of undifferentiated hepatitis proportion in different years was statistically significant（χ2=10.77, r=4, P〈0.05）. 2 The peak of incidence was in march to june, which accounted for 37.93%.3 The top three of annual incidence rates were Rudong（18.275/100 000）, Haian（11.192/100 000） and Tongzhou（9.041/100 000）, the lowest was Qidong（1.330/100 000）. 4The male-female ratio of undifferentiated hepatitis was 1.630∶1, cases were reported in all age groups, the incidence rate of 0-10 years old was lower（0.66/100 000）, with the increasing of age, the incidence rate increased and reached the peak in 〉65 years old group（11.06/100 000）. The cases aged 45-75 years old accounted for 62.31%. The farmers and workers accounted for 79.798%.[Conclusion] Nantong began to promote strengthening laboratory etiology diagnosis of acute hepatitis since 2010 and achieve significant effect. The reported incidence rate of undifferentiated hepatitis is higher, the reasons of it should be investigated in depth, get rid of the etiology which pathogen is clear, explore the unknown etiology.