刑事错案救济机制研究——中国版“无辜者计划”探微

The Analysis of Relief System for the Criminal Misjudged Cases:The Innocent Project in China

刑事错案的相继发生使司法公信力和法律权威受到了挑战。错案发现的偶然性远远大于必然性,通过申诉、抗诉启动再审程序纠正的情况少之又少。反观起源于美国的"无辜者计划",它致力于主动发现无辜者被判有罪的案件并代理无辜者进行诉讼,摆脱了被动接受司法机关纠错的模式,作为一种新的救济途径为错案救济起到了重要的作用。近年来,中国版"无辜者计划"已开始发展并逐步接手一些错案。由于处于萌芽阶段,中国版"无辜者计划"仍存在许多不完善之处,如在刑事司法鉴定和错案复查方面。因此需要借鉴域外错案救济经验,从而完善这一错案救济机制。

Criminal misjudged cases have occurred so that the credibility of the judiciary and the legal authority is in challenge. The misjudged cases was discovered accidentally, through appealling to start the retrial procedure to correct the wrongful is hard. In contrast, the Innocent Project in America, it aims to find the innocents and represent them to engage a lawsuit, gets rid of the model of passive acceptting the judicial correction. It played an important role as a new way to relief misjudged cases. In recent years, Innocent Project in China has begun to develop and gradually take over some misjudged cases. Because in the beginning, the Innocent Project in China still has many imperfections, such as the criminal judicial appraisal and case review. Therefore, we need to learn from foreign experience to perfect the relief system for misjudged cases.