嵌入全球价值链是企业提高生产率的更好选择吗——基于倾向评分匹配的实证研究

Effect of Global Value Chain Participation on Firms' Productivity Improvement: A PSM Based Empirical Study

嵌入全球价值链是否是企业提高生产率的更好选择是当前颇具现实意义和理论价值的一个话题。本文基于2000-2006年中国工业企业数据库和海关进出口数据库的匹配数据,结合倾向评分匹配对该问题做了较为细致的解答,以期为中国企业走出"价值洼地",进而实现向微笑曲线两端延伸提供微观经验指导。结果显示:嵌入全球价值链的确会使企业的全要素生产率发生"溢价",并且,该效应在时间上存在延续性,在程度上具有渐进性,但这种提升作用很有可能仅是企业通过生产工艺流程和组织管理模式等非技术性创新因素简单"改进"劳动生产效率而非以技术性创新因素实质提升资本生产效率以及深化资本的结果;不同嵌入路径下企业生产率的获得情况存在差异,其中,先出口然后再以中间品进口进一步嵌入全球价值链的企业所获得的生产率收益最大;嵌入全球价值链对企业生产率的影响不单单局限于事后,亦同样存在于事前,这可能与其在嵌入之前所做的筹备工作有关。

Whether participating in the choice for firms to improve productivity is global value chain is a preferred a topic of realistic significance and theoretical value. Based on Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database and Customs Database between 2000 and 2006, this paper uses PSM and a variety of produc- tivity measures to make a detailed investigation into this question for the purpose of providing micro empirical evidence for Chinese companies to go out of the ＂value depression＂ and extend to both ends of the smiling curve. The results show that participating in the global value chain has a durable and progressive ef- fect on firms＇ TFP, but it is likely that this effect is motivated by a simple ＂improvement＂ of labor productivity through non- technological innovation factors such as the production process and the mode of organization and management rather than a real improvement of capital productivity and a real deepening of capital through technological innovation factors; the productivity effect is different for different participating paths, among which firms who first export and then im- port intermediate inputs to further participate global value chain gain more produc- tivity than the other two paths; the productivity effect of participating in the glob- al value chain exits regardless of being before or after the event, which may be explained by preparations before the participation.