外资进入与企业出口贸易增加值——基于中国微观企业异质性视角

Study on Entry of Foreign Investment and Firm Exports in Value Added from Perspective of Chinese Firm Heterogeneity

本文利用2001-2007年中国微观企业数据,在对企业出口贸易增加值测算的基础上,从动态角度分析了外资进入对我国企业出口贸易增加值率产生的作用效应及影响机制。研究发现:外资存在显著促进了我国企业出口贸易增加值率的提升,而外资进入速度和规律性则产生了明显的抑制作用;发达国家外资是提升我国企业出口贸易增加值率的主要推动力,港澳台地区外资的作用并不显著;行业技术水平显著调节外资存在对企业出口贸易增加值率的促进作用,但调节作用因外资来源不同而存在差异。我国应继续发挥外资进入的溢出效应,实施有选择的引资政策,创造公平市场环境,提高企业生产率、人力资本水平及研发投入,这是提升企业出口贸易增加值、推进我国由贸易大国向贸易强国转变的必要途径。

With the entry of foreign investment, China has experienced signifi- cant export growth but has few real value- added exports. By measuring the add- ed value of the export trade on the basis of Chinese firm- level data during 2001 -2007, the paper analyzes the effects and mechanism of foreign investment en- try on Chinese value- added export ratio. The estimation results show that the foreign presence promotes the Chinese value- added export ratio, while the pace and irregularity of the foreign entry restrain it; investment from the developed countries is the primary drive of the increase in the value- added export ratio, while the promoting effects are insignificant of HMT investment. The industrial technology has significant effects on value- added export ratio. In order to pro- mote the rise of Chinese value- added export and transformation of foreign trade from quantity to quality, China should continue to give full play to the spillover effects of foreign investment, implement the selective policy of attracting foreign entry, create impartial competitive market environment, and encourage enterprises to enhance productivity, human capital and R＆D.