司法权能现代化的内在机理——基于美国经验的分析

The Inner Mechanism of Modernization in Judicial Power——A Preliminary Work on the US Experience

美国是世界上率先实现司法权能现代化的国家,其经验可以概括为"一个传统,一个理论,一个主义"。美国人秉持实用主义的法律哲学传统,尊重司法过程中法官的经验理性,认同法官造法的权力;其奉行权力制衡理论,超越了严格分权学说,将司法审查权纳入现代司法权能的范畴;其倡导新宪政主义,确立最高法院是宪法的守护者,法官拥有宪法的最终解释权,并发展了宪法解释方法论。美国的率先垂范推动了人类司法文明的传承与创新,也启发我们进一步深入把握和自觉遵循中国司法权能现代转型的内在机理。

The US is the first country to realize modernization of judicial power,whose experience can be concluded in one tradition,one theory and one faith.Americans hold to the philosophical tradition of Pragmatism,respecting the Judges＇ practical rationality in judicial process,recognizing judicial legislation power.Americans pursue the theory of Check and Balance,surpassing Separation of Powers Doctrine,bringing judicial review into the domains of modern judicial power.Americans initiate new Constitutionalism,affirming that the Supreme Court is the Constitution-holder and the Judges possess the final interpretation power of the Constitution.Americans＇ experience promotes inheritance and innovation to judicial civilization of Human Beings,which also inspires us to deeply understand and conscientiously abide by to the inner mechanism of modernization in judicial power in our country.