竞争、合作与生态文明建设合作制度的建构——结合环渤海区域水污染治理的思考

Competition,Cooperation and Construction of Cooperative System of Ecological Civilization——Study on the Problems of Water Pollution Governance around the Bohai Sea Region

跨区域水污染治理作为一种超越行政边界的公共产品的供给,因其自然属性决定了政府分域治理的低效率。因此,地方政府间跨区域水污染治理的实现需要走向政府间的合作。问题在于政府在竞争中所体现的注意力分配不均衡即集中关注辖区内的经济发展、环境治理存在偏好性选择;因制度环境、组织结构、利益分化而形成的政府间合作的不充分为跨区域水污染治理设置了障碍。政府间合作的达成则需要进一步优化制度环境,为政府合作提供制度基础;完善绩效评估机制,为政府合作提供激励机制;明确责任分担机制,打破政府分域治理的边界;构建社会参与机制,多方主体共同促进政府合作的达成;信任机制,提高政府间合作的可置信承诺,才能最终实现全流域生态环境与社会的可持续发展。

Cross-regional governance of water pollution,as a kind of public goods supply which is beyond the administrative boundaries,determines the inefficiency of partition domain governance because of its natural attribute.Therefore,the implementation of cross-regional governance of water pollution between local governments needs inter-governmental cooperation.On the one hand,the problem is that the unbalanced attention distribution of governments which is reflected in the process of competition has set up obstacles for cross-regional governance of water pollution.That means,the government focuses on the economic development within its administrative area and has preference choices in the environmental governance.On the other hand,the inadequate cooperation of intergovernments caused by institutional environment,organizational structure and interest differentiation have also set up obstacles for cross-regional governance of water pollution.The realization of intergovernmental cooperation needs to optimize further the institutional environment in order to provide institutional basis for inter-governmental cooperation,improve the system of performance evaluation to provide incentive system for inter-governmental cooperation,definitude the system of responsibility sharing to break up the boundaries of partition domain governance between local governments,establish the system of social participation which makes multi-subject work together to promote the realization of inter-governmental cooperation,and establish the confidence system to improve the credible commitment of inter-governmental cooperation.The ultimate aim is to achieve substantial development of ecological environment and society in the whole basin.