新疆伊犁州蝙蝠的病毒宏基因组学研究

Viral Metagenomic Analyses of Bats in Xinjiang,China

新疆幅员辽阔,是我国最大的省份,同时也是多种人兽共患病的自然疫源地。作为很多人兽共患病毒的自然宿主,蝙蝠在新疆的地理分布、种类和数量等背景资料目前尚不清楚,其携带的病毒多样性数据更为欠缺。为了掌握新疆伊犁州蝙蝠携带病毒的病原本底情况,本研究在2个地点采集了122只蝙蝠样品。病毒宏基因组学分析揭示这些蝙蝠携带18个科的病毒,包括噬菌体、昆虫病毒、脊椎动物病毒等。根据病毒宏基因组学结果,挑选冠状病毒、圆环病毒、星状病毒、副肠孤病毒等进行特异性PCR检测,发现其阳性率为1.3%～10.5%,其中星状病毒具有丰富的遗传多样性,部分和猪源星状病毒具有很高的同源性,提示可能发生跨种传播;而副肠孤病毒则是首次从蝙蝠中发现。本研究首次开展了新疆伊犁州蝙蝠病毒组研究,为了解新疆伊犁州蝙蝠携带病毒的多样性和本底情况提供了重要的基础数据。

As the largest provincial region in China,Xinjiang is a natural focus of epidemics of several zoonoses.Bats are considered to be important natural reservoirs of many zoonotic viruses,but their geographical distribution,species and numbers in Xinjiang are not known,which makes identification of the virus diversity harbored by bats in this area extremely difficult.To understand the background of bat viruses in Xinjiang,bat samples from 122 individuals were collected from two locations.Viral metagenomic analyses revealed that these bats carried 18 families of viruses,including phage,insect viruses,and vertebrate viruses.According to the results of viral metagenomics,a specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was undertaken for coronavirus,circovirus,astrovirus and parechovirus.As a result,their positive rates ranged from 1.3% to 10.5%.In particular,astroviruses exhibited rich genetic diversity with some showing high identity with porcine astroviruses(suggesting possible cross-species transmission),whereas parechovirus was discovered for the first time in bats.We profiled the viromic composition harbored by bats in Xinjiang,and these fundamental data can help understanding of the diversity and background of the virus carried by bats this region.