新疆伊犁垦区高中生艾滋病知晓率现况调查与知识来源分析

The Investigation of KAP of High School Students in Yili Area of Xinjiang towards AIDS and Analysis on their Knowledge Source

目的了解新疆伊犁垦区高中学生艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为(KAP)及知识来源分析,为制订青少年艾滋病干预措施提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,对477名高中学生进行无记名自填式问卷调查。结果学生大众艾滋病基本知识核心指标的知晓率低于国家要求,为82.39%,对艾滋病非传播途径和日常生活接触知晓率较低,"与艾滋病感染者共同进餐"、"蚊虫叮咬不会传播艾滋病","与艾滋病感染共用刮胡刀能传播艾滋病的知晓率分别为74.8%、52.83%、59.12%。对艾滋病感染者持积极态度为84.07%,但愿意同艾滋病感染者在同一教室上课的支持率较低为43.61%。获取艾滋病知识的主要途径为电视(88.5%)、医生(54.5%)、书籍(51.2%),最喜欢获取艾滋病相关知识的一条途径是电视(25.2%)、医生(19.7%)、学校组织的宣传活动(12.6%)。结论学生大众艾滋病基本知识核心指标的知晓低于国家要求,高中学生对艾滋病非传播途径知晓率较低,对艾滋病感染者存在歧视,应加强艾滋病知识系统性和反歧视方面的健康教育;在获取艾滋病相关知识的途径方面应采取学生愿意接受的、积极有效的传播方式。

Objective To investigate AIDS relevant knowledge, attitude and practice（KAP） of high school students in Yili Area of Xinjiang and their knowledge source, and to draw a basis on how to prevent teenagers suffering from AIDS. Methods Cluster random sampling method was adopted and 477 high school students were investigated anonymously by using questionnaire survey. Results high school students＇ awareness rate about basic knowledge of AIDS was lower than the core index set by the state, which was 82.399%. Their awareness rate on non- transmission routes of AIDS and its non- transmission in contact with AIDS sufferers in daily life was lower, and on knowledge, such as, dining with AIDS sufferers will not lead to AIDS infection, mosquito bites will not transmit AIDS virus and sharing the beard shavers with AIDS sufferers will not result in AIDS transmission was 74.8%, 52.83% and 59.12% separately. The rate of those who held positive attitude towards AIDS sufferers was 84.07% while that of those consented to taking classes with them in the same classroom was lower, namely 43.61%. The major routes to obtain AIDS knowledge was Television（which occupied 88.5%）, doctors（54.5%） and books（51.2%） and favorable means was television（which accounted for（25.2%）, doctors（19.7%） and propaganda organized by schools（12.6%）. Conclusion Senior high school students＇ awareness rate about basic knowledge of AIDS was lower than core index set by the state, and their awareness rate towards non- transmission routes of AID was lower. They discriminated against AIDS sufferers, so systematic health knowledge education on AIDS and anti- discrimination on AIDS sufferers should be strengthened. Besides, positive and effective means which are willingly accepted by students should be taken in terms of obtaining knowledge related to AIDS.