置于阅读总问题中的马克思哲学

Marx's Philosophy Placed in the General Issue about Reading

为了努力克服解释褊狭的困难,我们今天应该如何阅读马克思哲学和马克思的马克思主义哲学的问题依然是初始问题;一般地说,在阅读的总问题中,阅读不是"我们"的阅读,而是仅仅利用文本本身所提供的语言因素进行的阅读。如果说对资本主义生产方式的解剖是马克思的重要主题,那么我们不能以自然科学化了的社会科学研究的尺度来衡量这个主题。阅读马克思的真正理论哲学乃是阅读未成文的《〈资本论〉的逻辑》。它不同于黑格尔哲学之令人费解而自称完成的哲学。由此阅读揭示了一个基本悖谬:马克思哲学如今产生的现实作用,并非因为有马克思主义及其还有各种各样有影响的形式,尽管马克思哲学的这种现实性还是被哲学史领会为其特有的历史性的效用,但这总是以马克思哲学如今是现实的话语而揭示了这个可能的存在。

In order to strive to overcome the difficulties caused by narrow interpretations,how to read Marx’s philosophy and Marx’s Marxist philosophy remains an initial problem. In the general issue of reading,it is not the reading done by 'us',but the reading merely through the language factors provided by the text itself. If the anatomy of the capitalist mode of production is Marx’s important subject,we cannot measure the subject by the yardstick of social-scientific research which has been natural-scientificalized. To read Marx ’s true theoretical philosophy is to read the unwritten 'logic of Das Kapital( 《资 本 论 》) '. It differs from the inexplicable and self-proclaimed completed philosophy of Hegel’s philosophy. Reading in this way reveals a fundamental paradox: the realistic effect that Marx’s philosophy now exerts is not due to Marxism and its various influential forms. Although the reality of Marx’s philosophy is still understood as its unique historical utility by the history of philosophy,it nevertheless reveals this possible existence by virtue of the fact that Marxist philosophy is now a realistic discourse.