“新写作作风”:报告文学的再生产机制——以丁玲《田保霖》为中心

“New Writing Style”: The Reproduction Mechanism of Reportage——A Study Centered on Ding Ling's Tian Baolin

在20世纪40年代中期解放区的报告文学热潮中,丁玲的《田保霖》得到了毛泽东的高度肯定,被称为"新写作作风"。通过叙事视角的转换,《田保霖》将一个英雄"成长"的故事推演为一个"学习"的故事,不仅显影出劳模运动如何作为基层政治主体的生产机制,还以其形式创造参与到新主体和新现实的再生产当中。以丁玲的写作为代表,报告文学的写作不仅是对作家自身的改造与训练,也构成一种"工农写作者"的培养机制,蕴含着将接受者转化为生产者或行动者的能力。在解放区特殊的文化政治格局中,报告文学的写作不仅能在形式和现实的层面生产出新的劳动主体和政治主体,还能够进一步生产出新的创作主体与文化主体。所谓"新写作作风",指向的正是这一对形式、主体和现实进行再生产的文化政治机制。

In the literary upsurge of reportage in the liberated areas in the mid-1940 s,Ding Ling’s( 丁玲)Tian Baolin( 《田保霖》) was highly recognized by Mao Zedong and was called 'new writing style'. Through the transformation of the narrative perspective,Tian Baolin turned a hero’s growth story into a story about learning,which not only showed how the model labor movement acted as a production mechanism for grassroots political subjectivity,but also created and participated in the reproduction of a new subjectivity and a new reality with its form. Represented by Ding Ling’s writings,the writing of reportage was not only a way for writers to remold and train themselves,but also constituted a training mechanism for worker and peasant writers,which contained the capability to transform receivers into producers or actors. In the special cultural and political structure of the liberated areas,reportage could reproduce new labor subjectivity,political subjectivity and cultural subjectivity,which was what 'new writing style'meant.