诗歌史的早期建构及其学术史价值

The Construction of Chinese Poetic History in Early Times and its Value in Academic History

中国诗歌史的古代时期建构,是现代形态古代诗歌史研究的重要基础。从远古到两汉时期的诗歌史建构,属于中国古代诗歌史建构的早期形态。诗史建构渊源久远,最初主要是依附于乐史的整体之中,"先王之乐"构成其基本的观念。孟子"王者之迹熄而诗亡"可视为最早的诗歌史阐述。儒家主要以《诗经》为主体建构诗歌史,但在理论上也扩展到整体诗歌史之中。汉代史家司马迁、班固等人,援引儒家乐教、诗教的观念建构楚辞、乐府诗歌的诗歌史,并且在诗骚、诗赋之间寻找关系,使诗歌史的建构趋向于全面。但是,班固等人在建构诗歌史时,仍然有经典与非经典的观念横亘其间,使真正意义上的整体诗歌史建构难以完全达成。

The construction of Chinese ancient poetic history is an important foundation for the study of ancient poetic history in the modern form. The construction of poetic history from high antiquity to the Han Dynasty,is an early form of the construction of Chinese ancient poetic history. The construction of poetic history started long,long ago,which was originally attached to music history,with'the music of the former monarch'( 先王之乐) as its fundamental idea. Mencius’ statement that the Book of Songs vanished with the decline of the monarch’s ritual and music system( 王者之迹熄而《诗》亡),can be considered as the earliest elaboration of poetic history. The Confucians constructed their poetic history principally with The Book of Songs as its main body,but theoretically expanded into the whole poetic history. Some historians of the Han Dynasty like Sima Qian( 司马迁) and Ban Gu( 班固),constructed the history of Elegies of Chu( 《楚辞》) and Yuefu-poems( 乐府) by citing the Confucianist theories of music education( 乐教) and poetic education( 诗教),and searched for the relationships between poem and sao( 骚) and between poem and fu( 赋),which helped to construct an all-round poetic history. However,when Ban Gu and other historians constructed their poetic history,they still had classics and non-classics intertwined,thus being unable to complete an integral poetic history in the genuine sense.