中国近代社会转型的学术折射——北京大学政治学学科与学系的建立

The Academic Reflection of the Transformation of Modern Chinese Society:The Establishment of the Discipline and Department of Political Science at Peking University

近代意义上的大学、大学的专业和学系的建立与形成,为中国的近代化提供了教育和学术的基础,中国政治学学科的建立和发展更是中国政治近代化进程的学术折射。本文通过对北京大学政治学学系和学科建立的历史考证,从挖掘北京大学政治学学系与学科建立的细节中观察其与戊戌维新、清末新政、西学东渐等中国近代化进程中重大事件存在的可能关系,以及这一学科建立前后中国官方、知识界以及社会的态度,为探讨这一学科与中国政治发展和社会转型的关系提供了前置性研究。

The establishment and formation of modern disciplines and departments at universities in China not only laid the foundation of education and academic for China’s modernization,but also reflected the process of the political modernization of China.Through the historical text research on the establishment and the early development of the political science department and discipline at Peking University,the paper tries to dig out the possible relationship between such an academic event and several important historical events in Chinese history such as the Constitutional Reform and Modernization of 1898,the late Qing Dynasty New Deal,Eastward Spread of Western Culture and other major issues in the process of modernization.The paper also analyzes the attitudes of Chinese government,intelligentsia,and the society in general during this course.The paper serves as a prerequisite study for further discussion on the relationship between the discipline of political science and China’s political development and social transition.