传统中国“风俗”论说与当代多元文化主义

The “Feng-Su” Discourse in Imperial China & Some Implications for Contemporary Multiculturalism

鉴于世变,英美多元文化主义理论呈现更为强调国家民族认同的趋向,对多元文化主义中国适用性的研究近来也所在多有。遗憾的是,曾在衍生与巩固多元一体关系方面经验良多、作为文明连续统一的中国,在有关讨论中处于某种缺位状态,或被作为运用西方多元文化主义政策模式解读的对象,或因狭隘强调'(现代)国家'与'(传统)帝国'扞格不入而被视为'前殖民时期等级制'予以隔离批判。传统中国'风俗'论说可为当下多元文化主义论辩提供镜鉴。两汉处中国政治大变局,是形塑中华民族持久统一性的关键时刻,'风俗'论说在帝国整合性工程中具突出作用,具有'寓封建之意于郡县之中'的政治视野与开展技术,当下似应'寓多元文化之义于国家构建之中'。

With the rise and challenge of identity politics since the beginning of 21 st century,the contemporary Multiculturalism literature is witnessing a certain'Nation-building Turn'.While gradually there has been more studies on the application of Multiculturalism in Chinese context,unfortunately China’s profound knowledge and techniques in political acculturation in her millennium long and continuous history,especially her experience in building a pluralistic and integrated empire,is gravely ignored if not undervalued.The'Feng-Su'(风俗)discourse as well as statecraft in Imperial China especially during the Western Han and Eastern Han Dynasties,will very possibly provide some premodern culturalpolitical solution or approach to contemporary Multiculturalism debates.The'FengSu'discourse and statecraft,which aimed at containing the pluralistic'Feng-Jian'(封建)or enfeoffment spirit into the integrated and unified imperial system of prefectures and counties(郡县),also imply us the possible reconciliation and compatibility between Multiculturalism and nation state integration in contemporary world.