英国的规划:新公共管理、网络治理还是后民主?

The Planning of UK:New Public Management, Network Governance or Post-Democracy

本文运用新公共管理、网络治理和后民主这三个框架来识别和解释在英国土地利用规划这个领域的制度变迁方向。这三个框架被用来评估过去二十年间土地利用规划中中央集权化的程度或者地方分权化的程度。最近一届工党政府(1997—2010)和保守党占主导的联合政府(2010—2015)在这个议题上的观点截然不同。工党政府引入规划政策和巩固区行政管理机制,这个机制已经代替了地方主义者的规划系统和次级区的地方政府-企业的合作伙伴。文章结论是,工党政府和保守党占主导的联合政府均开始着手那些有助于增强中央集权控制的政策,但是中央集权化过程中采取了不同的形式,尽管两党都否认,次级国家机构的政治或者其他资源会威胁到位于威斯敏斯特的中央政府。

Three frameworks—New Public Management,Network Governance and Post-Democracy—are applied to identify and explain the direction of institutional travel in the field of land-use planning in England.These frameworks are used to assess the extent to which land-use planning has been centralized or decentralized over the last 20 years.The last Labour government(1997–2010)is contrasted with the Conservative-led Coalition government(2010–2015).Labour introduced planning policies and an underpinning regional administrative machinery that the latter has replaced with a‘localist’planning system and sub-regional Local Enterprise Partnerships.The article concludes that both Labour and the Conservative-led Coalition embarked on policies that involved increased centralization,but that the centralization took different forms,though both parties denied sub-state institutions the political or other resources to challenge the central government in Westminster.