集体化时代乡村干部“反行为”研究——以山西平遥双口村为考察中心

Chinese Rural Cadres' Counteractions in the Age of Collectivization: Centering on Shuangkou Village in Pingyao County,Shanxi Province

在集体化时代,国家倡导和强调社会主义理念的意识形态建构及其在社会运作中的积极实践,但乡村传统的经济理性、人情关系、重情不重理的生活逻辑与思维定势而非科层的现代管理体制,在乡村公共管理和社会关系中发挥着重要作用。从乡村干部的"反行为"看,他们占有较多的政治、社会资源,居于较高的社会地位,代表着国家的权威,同时也利用了国家的权威;普通群众处于社会下层,居于被支配地位,并努力寻求干部庇护。村庄公共事务的运作和干部组织的内部管理呈现出一定的无秩序状态。党的社会主义理念和国家的权威遇到了乡村的生活逻辑和村民生存理性的挑战与消解。

In the age of collectivization,the state advocated and emphasized the ideological construction of socialism and its active practice in the social operation. However,what played an important role in rural public administration and social relations is not modern administration system of bureaucracy but rural traditional economic rationality,human relationship,and life logic emphasizing affection instead of principle. Examining the counteractions of rural cadres,this paper shows that they were in higher social status with more political and social resources. They not only represented the authority of the state,but also utilized it. The grass roots in the lower class were dominated by higher class so that they made efforts to seek asylum from cadres.The operation of public affairs in a village and the internal administration of cadres was in a chaotic state to some extent. The CPC's socialist ideas and the authority of the state were challenged and weakened by the rural life and survival logic.