《管子》四篇中的理智德性与知识论思想

The Intellectual Virtue and Theory of Knowledge in the “Four Chapters”in Guanzi

就其理论意义而言,《管子》四篇的德性理论首先缓解了形上学立场与经验常识之间的对峙状态,也就是说合乎"道"的生活应该直面生理需求和情感体验所带来的挑战。其次,将认知能力确定为"心"所固有的功能、依据"静因之道"论证理智德性,是为了表明人能够以主体性的地位参与、主宰天地万物的演化进程。此外,"静因之道"关注"因"的主张,不仅可以推论出人有能力掌握"道"和天地万物的本性,而且也将日常语言与言说"道"的方式演变为融贯性的话语体系。

In terms of its theoretical significance,the virtue theory in the 'Four Chapters'in Guanzi relieves the tension between the metaphysical position and common sense: a life in accordance with the 'Dao'shall face the challenges from physiological needs and emotional experience. Through regarding the cognitive ability as the innate function of mind-heart and demonstrating the intellectual virtue with the principle of calmness and following,the'Four Chapters'argues that human beings can take part in and even dominate the evolution of the universe. The element of 'following'( yin) implies that human beings are capable to master the'Dao'and the nature of all things in the world. In addition,it also develops a coherent discourse from ordinary language and previous ways to speak of 'Dao'.