ICU患者入住体验的质性研究

Qualitative research on ICU patients′experience

目的：回顾性分析ICU转出的患者抵触入住ICU的原因，为提高ICU护理质量提供依据。方法采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法，对8例现已由ICU转出的患者深入访谈，并对搜集到的访谈资料整理、分析、提取。结果通过对资料的整理、分析、提取，得到4个主题：入住ICU的患者均具有焦虑、恐惧情绪；患者抵触入住ICU与ICU特殊环境有关；ICU内医护人员与患者沟通不足；ICU的经费问题给入住患者带来困扰及担忧。结论在救治及护理ICU患者时，要高度重视意识昏迷、嗜睡、恍惚、清醒等不同患者的需求，将各种仪器的报警声音适当降低，对于患者提出的疑问，应给予耐心、恰当的解释。利用好家庭支持和社会支持系统使患者重新回归所承担的社会角色，从而进一步提高患者的生活质量和ICU护理质量。

Objective To explore the defensive reasons of patients for admitting in ICU who have been transferred from ICU, so as to provide evidences for enhancing quality of ICU nursing. Methods Through phenomenological research method of qualitative research, deep interviews were carried out in 8 cases who transferred from ICU, and the collected data of interviews were sorted out, analyzed and distilled. Results After data organizing, analyzing and distilling, we acquired 4 themes of ICU patients′defensive reasons to admitting in ICU that were anxiety and fear mood, ICU special environment, inefficient communication between ICU medical staffs and patients, perplexity and worrying of ICU expenditure. Conclusions During rescuing and nursing ICU patients, the demands of patients with different situations （ coma, drowsiness, trance, awake, etc） should be paid high attention, and the alarm warning tone of all different equipment should decrease, and the patient′s question should provide a suitable explain with patience. Medical staffs should make good use of family support and social support system to make the patients return to social roles, so as to further improve the quality of both the patient′s life and the ICU nursing.