干细胞在肾脏损伤中应用的研究进展

Advances of researches on application of stem cells in renal injury

终末期肾病加剧了世界医疗资源的负担。现在迫切需要有效的策略,即通过肾脏再生来预防进一步的肾损伤以及恢复肾功能。除防止肾脏损伤外,再生受损的肾组织对于延缓慢性肾脏病发展到终末期肾衰竭也是非常重要的。肾脏再生的最新进展包括了胚胎干细胞向肾脏细胞定向诱导分化;肾小管损伤后的增殖加强;内皮祖细胞和肾祖细胞在肾损伤修复中的作用;采用间充质干细胞治疗肾病和肾脏组织工程等。然而就目前的研究,在上述过程中依然存在一些争议,如成体上皮干细胞究竟是不是存在;如何探寻并研究最好的肾损伤治疗策略以及如何以最佳的方式使用间充质干细胞来预防肾损伤等。本文总结了干细胞和再生方法在肾损伤中应用研究的最新进展。

End-stage renal disease has aggravated the burden of the world＇s medical resources. There is an urgent need for effective strategies to make use of the kidney regeneration for prevention of further kidney damage and recovery of kidney function. In addition to preventing kidney injury, regenerating damaged renal tissue is as important as retarding the progression of chronic kidney disease to end-stage renal disease. Recent progress in regenerative nephrology included the directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells to kidney fates, the increased proliferative capacity of tubules after injury, roles of endothelial progenitor cells and renal progenitor cells in repair of kidney damage, use of mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of kidney diseases, and tissue engineering approaches to renal replacement. However, there are still some disputes, such as the existence of adult epithelium stem cells, exploration of and research on the best treatment strategies for kidney injury, and the best ways to use mesenchymal stem cells for prevention of kidney damage. This review summarizes the most recent advances in researches on use of stem cells and regenerative approaches in treatment of kidney injury.