《数字时代知识发现海牙宣言》述评

Review on The Hague Declaration on Knowledge Discovery in the Digital Age

[目的/意义]考察欧洲研究图书馆协会发布的《数字时代知识发现海牙宣言》,解析国际社会及图书馆界对于协调知识发现与版权保护例外规则的现状及困难。[方法/过程]图书馆及其用户开展知识发现(内容挖掘)面临着出版商和数据库商知识产权保护的限制,世界知识产权组织、国际图联和欧洲研究图书馆协会分别尝试以国际条约草案、指南和宣言等规范文件表达其立场。《数字时代知识发现海牙宣言》力图确立知识发现作为一种法定权利,以此推动修改版权法。[结果/结论]《数字时代知识发现海牙宣言》回应开放数据时代的现实要求,对于推动数据挖掘成为法定权利以便图书馆及读者进行知识获取具有重要意义。但是,作为不具约束办的软法,《数字时代知识发现海牙宣言》很难直接影响国际版权规则的改变。

[ Purpose/significance] The Hague Declaration on Knowledge Discovery in the Digital Age, released by the European Association of Research Libraries, shall be reviewed. The current situations and difficulties of harmonization betweenknowlcdge discovery and copyright exceptions rules in the international community and the library communityshall be analyzed. [ Method/process] Libraries and their users proceeding in knowledge discovery （ content mining） face limits of intellectual property protection by publishers and database providers. The WIP0, IFLA and the European Association of Research Libraries attempted to draft an international treaty, guidelines and declarations to express its position. The Hague Declaration on Knowledge Discovery in the Digital Age seeks to establish the knowledge discovery as a statutory right, in order to promote the amendment of the copyright law. [ Result/conclusion ] The Hague Declaration on Knowledge Discovery in the Digital Age responds to the practical requirements of the open data era, and facilitates data mining to a statutory right, which is important to the readers and the library for the purpose of knowledge access. However, due to the nature of the soft law without binding force, The Hague Declaration on Knowledge Discovery in the Digital Age is difficult to directly change the international copyright rules.