维持性血液透析患者照顾者家庭适应性及其影响因素研究

Family adaptation and its influencing factors in families of maintenance hemodialysis patients

目的 :以家庭韧性理论为指导,调查维持性血液透析患者照顾者的家庭适应性水平,并分析人口学资料、家庭坚韧力、家庭问题解决能力、家庭沟通能力对家庭适应性的影响。方法 :选取138例接受维持性血液透析治疗的患者照顾者,采用家庭亲密度和适应性量表(FACES)的家庭适应性分量表评定家庭适应性水平,采用中文版家庭坚韧力量表(FHI)、家庭功能评定(FAD)量表中的问题解决和沟通分量表分别评定患者照顾者的家庭坚韧力、家庭问题解决能力、家庭沟通能力,分析其与人口学资料对家庭适应性的影响。结果 :血液透析患者照顾者的家庭适应性得分为(48.85±10.29)分,家庭坚韧力中的承担维度、家庭沟通能力、照顾者文化程度均会对照顾者的家庭适应水平产生影响,共同解释了总变异的42.2%。结论 :为改善维持性血液透析患者照顾者的家庭适应水平,可以考虑通过提高家庭坚韧力、帮助和促进家庭沟通等方面进行干预。

Objective： To explore the level of family adaptation of families of maintenance hemodialysis patients based on the family resilience theory, and to investigate the influence of family general situation, family resilience and family function on family adaptation ability. Methods： Totally 138 families of maintenance hemodialysis patients were investigated. Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale （FACES） was used to evaluate the level of family adaptation. Family Hardiness Index （FHI）, both the Problem-solving Scale and Family Communication Scale in the Family Assessment Device （FAD）, and the self-designed family general information questionnaire were used to measure possible influencing factors. Results： The average score of family adaptation was 48.85±10.29, which was significantly lower than those of general families in China （P〈0.05）. The commitment dimension in FHI, the family communication ability in FAD and caregivers＇ educational level all influenced the level of family adaptation, which could explain 42.20% of the total variance. Conclusion： Intervention and effort to improve family resilience, help and promote family communication should be provided to improve family adaptation level of families of maintenance hemodialysis patients.