北美发达地区油气合作的非技术风险——以加拿大北方门户管道为例

Non-technical risk of oil and gas cooperation in North America developed area——Analysis of Canada's North Gateway

非技术风险指在油气勘探开发工程技术之外,其他可能会对项目开发产生重大影响的因素和问题,例如,环境保护、征地移民、劳工安全等,分为法律约束层面和社会政治约束层面,贯穿项目开发的整个生命周期。导致项目延期的原因中,涉及比例最大的是非技术因素。企业因非技术风险而遭受的经济损失巨大。加拿大北方门户管道面临着环境、社区、政治取向、政府审批等方面的问题,与原住民沟通应对失当是导致项目工期一推再推的主要原因,省际收入分配之争是项目久拖不决的又一大原因,有关本地化与项目效益评估的争论也导致了政府审批滞后。石油公司在北美发达地区管控非技术风险方面,应突出利益相关方的分析与沟通,处理好原住民问题,做好跨地区(省、州)项目的政府间协调沟通。

Non-technical risk refers to other factors that may have major impact on project development besides oil and gas exploration and development technology, including environmental protection, land requisition and resettlement, and labor safety. It is divided into two aspects, i.e., legal, and social-political restraints, which run through the whole life cycle of project development. Businesses suffer from great losses because of non-technical risk, the biggest slice in the cause of project delay. The North Gateway is facing problems involving environment, community, political orientation, government approvals, etc. Improper communication with the indigenous people could be the main reason for project period delay, and another reason could be provincial income distribution. The debate of localization and project benefi t evaluation led to the lag for the government approval. To control nontechnical risk, oil companies in North America developed area should put emphasis on analysis of stakeholders and communication with them, deal with the problem of indigenous people, and conduct coordination and communication between the governments for cross-regional（cross-provincial） projects.