中国能源安全的观念审视与框架分析

Conception review and frame analysis of China's energy security

梳理西方国际关系学中现实主义和自由主义两种思潮对国家能源安全问题的思考,对能源安全与"能源独立"、石油供需双方角色定位和利益分配等进行剖析。对比中美两国能源安全状况,从石油对外依存度、能源供应多元化、能源结构合理性、政府管制和市场化水平、系统抗风险能力、能源效率和环境可持续6个维度,系统分析中美两国能源安全水平差异。建议中国从强化能源"战略买家"角色、做好油气行业"战略简法"、升级能源安全"战略匹配"、激活亚投行能源基建战略牵引功能、担当能源金融市场战略交易方等方面,更好地维护新形势下的国家能源安全。

Through analyzing the thoughts of realism and liberalism on national energy security, this article studies the issues of energy security and ＂energy independence＂, the roles of oil suppliers and consumers, and the distribution of interests. The energy security of China and that of the U.S. could be compared systematically by six dimensions： dependence on oil import, energy supply diversification, energy mix optimization, government regulation and market mechanisms, anti-risk system capability, energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. Finally, suggestions in five aspects are proposed to promote China＇s energy security in the new situation, include playing the role of ＂strategic buyer＂, conducting ＂strategic simplification＂ of the oil and gas industry, upgrading the energy ＂strategic portfolio＂, facilitating the energy infrastructure through Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and initiating transactions in the energy finance market.