美国家庭农场的政策支持体系及经验借鉴

The Policy Support System and Experiences of the USA Family-run Farms

家庭农场是美国现代农业的基本载体。文章从四个方面分析了美国家庭农场政策支持体系及其对我国的启示。一是以规模化经营为导向的土地管理制度体系,启示我们应解决好土地流转中的"权"和"度"的问题;二是以市场化、专业化为导向的农业补贴政策体系,启示我们应该对家庭农场"放开手脚"、"激发造血功能"、"解除后顾之忧";三是以科技化耕作为导向的科教兴农战略,启示我们应处理好家庭农场"怎样种地"、"谁来种地"问题;四是以合作化发展为导向的社会化服务体系,对促进我国家庭农场发展的"有机协作"问题提供了有益借鉴。

The family-run farm is the basic carrier of modem American agriculture, which has salient features of market-oriented management, specialized producing and scale operations, technological farming and co-operative development. To guide it effectively, support and regulate its development healthily, the US government implemented series of important measures including a clear specification of the land management system, scientific and sound agricultural subsidies policies, pragmatic and efficient strategy of invigorating the agriculture and a comprehensive system of social services etc. China should learn the successful experiences from the US to solve the large-scale development of the land, how to cultivate land, how to integrate into the market, who is farming, who can be relied on for the organization and other issues to promote the development of the family-run farm healthily and harmoniously.