历史视阈中的资本剥削与贫困问题——与何祚庥先生商榷

Capital Exploitation and Poverty Problem from the Perspective of History: A Discussion on the Question of Marx's Poverty Theory with Mr. He Zuoxiu

在资本主义发展的具体历史进程中考察无产阶级的贫困问题,需要把"制度"和"社会"两个不同的层面区别开来。发达资本主义国家在消除贫困方面所取得的成就,是一种"社会性"成就,而不是"制度性"成就。由于发达资本主义国家的各种反贫困政策和措施,是对资本本性和精神的扬弃,是给予资本剥削的自觉而有力的控制和限制,所以它们是"抑制"资本的结果,而不是"放任"资本的结果。在方法论上,把发达资本主义国家的情况与资本主义欠发达国家的情况、资本主义国家内部的情况与其外部的情况、资本主义发展高涨时的情况与资本主义发展不景气时的情况综合起来进行考察,就会发现马克思的贫困理论并没有过时。

The observation of proletarian poverty problem in the concrete historical course of capitalist development, calls for distinguishing between the two different levels of ＂system＂ and ＂society＂. The achievements, which developed capitalist countries have scored in removing poverty, are society-based ones, rather than system-based ones. Anti-poverty policies and measures in developed capitalist countries mean a sublation of capital nature and spirit, and a conscious and powerful control and limitation of capital exploitation, so the achievements are the outcomes of restraining capital, not the ones of indulging capital. In methodology, by combining developed capitalist countries with less-developed capitalist countries, internal situation of capitalist countries with external one, and boom times of capitalist development with bust times, it finds that Marx＇s poverty theory hasn＇t been outdated.