价值理论概念体系的反思与重构——从语言逻辑分析出发

Introspection and Reconstruction of Concept System of Marx's Value Theory: Based on Language Logic Analysis

价值理论陷入混乱和停滞的首要原因是价值命名、界定和使用的混乱。其主要原因则是没有对价值进行语言逻辑分析,没有梳理价值思维的延伸路径,没有确定同一名相在不同语境下的实际含义。文章认为价值是价值判断的简称,包括使用价值判断和交换价值判断两种形态。价值是认识论概念而不是本体论概念,表达的是一种认识结果,各种寻找价值本体的努力都是出于误认。价值理论的核心问题是影响价值判断因素及影响机制,包括价值追求、价值判断主体、价值判断客体、价值判断客体的创造活动、市场供需和消费体验及诸因素之间的关系。文章认为,通过重新阐释供需关系可以将边际效用价值论纳入到劳动价值论中。

The first cause of value theory in a state of confusion and stagnation lies in the confusion of naming, defining and using ＂value＂. And the main reasons include no language logic a- nalysis of value, no review of the extension path of value thinking, and no definition of actual meaning of value in different context. This paper argues that value is the simplification of value judgment including two forms, judgment of use value and judgment of exchange value. Value is the epistemological concept rather than the ontological concept, which is an expression about the result of knowledge~ all efforts to find value ontology proceed from misidentification. The core issue of value theory is factors and rules affecting value judgment, such as value pursuit, subiect of value judgment, object of value judgment, creation activities of object of value judgment, market supply demand, experience consumption and the relationship among these factors. It believes that marginal utility theory of value can be incorporated into labor theory of value by re-explaining the relationship between supply and demand.