果实、叶片及土壤主要矿质元素与‘长富2’苹果苦痘病的发生研究

Study on the relationship among main mineral elements in fruits,leaves,soil and bitter pit occurrence in ‘Nagafu 2’ apples

为探明主要矿质元素含量与苹果苦痘病发生的关系,研究了‘长富2'苹果果实、叶片及土壤N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量与苦痘病发生的相关性。结果表明:苦痘病的发生与果实N含量及N/Ca、P/Ca和K/Ca等值呈极显著正相关;与果实Ca、Mg含量及Ca/Mg值呈极显著负相关。苦痘病的发生与叶片N、P、K含量及N/Ca、P/Ca、K/Ca、Ca/Mg值呈极显著正相关;与Ca、Mg含量呈极显著负相关。苦痘病的发生与土壤碱解N、全P、速效P、速效K含量及碱解N/交换性Ca、碱解N/交换性Mg等呈极显著正相关;与土壤交换性Ca、交换性Mg含量及碱解N/速效P、碱解N/速效K等呈极显著负相关。表明苹果苦痘病的发生与果实、叶片以及土壤的Ca的含量有密切的相关性,Ca含量较低或N、P、K含量较高,以及较高的N/Ca、P/Ca、K/Ca比和较低的Ca/Mg比,会导致并加重苦痘病的发生。

To reveal the relationship among main mineral element contents and bitter pit occur- rence, the relativities of N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents in fruits, leaves, soil and bitter pit oc- currence in ＇Nagafu 2＇ apples were studied. The results indicated that： There had very signif- icant positive correlations among bitter pit occurrence and fruits N content and N/Ca, P/Ca, K/Ca ratios. There had very significant negative correlations among bitter pit occurrence and fruits Ca, Mg contents and Ca/Mg ratio. There had very significant positive correlations a- mong bitter pit occurrence and leaf N, P, K contents and N/Ca, P/Ca, K/Ca, Ca/Mg ratios. There had very significant negative correlations among bitter pit occurrence and of leaf Ca, Mg contents. There had very significant positive correlations among bitter pit occurrence and soil alkaline N, total P, available P, available K contents and alkaline N/exchangeable Ca, alka- line N/exchangeable Mg ratios. There had very significant negative correlations with the soil exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Mg contents and alkaline N/available P, alkaline N/available K ratios. The results showed that bitter pit occurrence had close correlations with fruit, leaf and soil Ca contents, lower Ca content and Ca, K/Ca ratios could cause and aggravate Ca/Mg or higher N, P, K contents, and N/Ca,P/ the bitter pit occurrence.