地面三维大气电场与雷暴云电荷方位的关系

The Relation of Three Dimension Atmospheric Electric Field and Thundercloud Charge Position

为了能在地面探测空中雷暴云电荷的空间方位,提出了一种利用地面三维大气电场和相对介电常数的测量来确定雷暴云电荷方位的方法。文中分析了空中电荷在地表产生的电场大小和方向关系,建立了雷暴云和大地的静电场分布模型,给出了通过三维大气电场值和地表介电常数值反演空中雷暴云电荷方位的公式。通过自主研发的电场探测系统,发现在干燥土壤,岩石等相对介电常数较小的地表存在较大的水平电场分量,验证了在地面探测雷暴云电荷方位的方法具有可行性。

In order to detect the space position of thundercloud charge in the sky, a kind of method is put forward that through the measurement of 3D atmospheric electric field and the relative dielectric constant of ground to determine the thundercloud charge position. The relation between the charge in the sky and electric vector on the ground is analyzed, then the electrostatic field distribution model of thundercloud and the earth surface is established, afterwards a formula is given which through three- dimensional atmospheric electric field and the surface dielectric constant to work out thundercloud charge location. The experiment, using independent developed instrument, shows that in dry soil and rock surface and other surface of small relative dielectric constant material it have larger horizontal electric field component, also verifies that this method has feasibility in detecting thundercloud charge position.