从文化的视角剖析欧洲反美主义

The Anti-Americanism in Europe:A Cultural Perspective

反美主义是欧洲一种历史很悠久的传统,一直是萦绕在美欧关系上的一道无法消除的深深"阴影",归根结底是因为欧洲文化精英很难在文化上认同美国。在欧洲反美主义概念中,"欧洲"一词不再是个地理范畴,而是反映西欧文明的意识形态概念。欧洲反美主义具有本地区的特性,这可以追溯到欧洲人的文化优越感,但美国的"国际性"本质显然促使了欧洲文化精英把这种优越感转化为一套反美话语和实际抵制行为。他们的反美主义"话语"存在着对美国的虚构或不切实际的内容,对欧洲公众认识美国产生了很大的影响。

Anti-Americanism,an indelible 'shadow' haunting the relation between Europe and the US,was a century-old tradition in Europe.Fundamentally,it derived from the difficulty of European elites in accepting the US culturally.In the concept of European anti-Americanism, ' Europe' became an ideological notion,rather than a geographical one,representing the civilization of Western Europe.The localism of anti-Americanism could be traced back to the sense of cultural superiority of Europeans,while the 'international' nature of the US obviously drove European elites to turn this superiority into anti-American discourses and actual resistances.However,these 'discourses' contained fictitious and unrealistic elements which have greatly influenced European public consciousness of the US.