法国旧制度晚期奢侈论争中的等级、性别与政治

Hierarchy,Gender and Politics in the Debate on Luxury during the Ancien Regime

18世纪法国的"奢侈论争"不仅牵涉政治、经济、宗教等诸多问题,更带有强烈的性别色彩。相较以前的反奢论,这场论争更为猛烈地抨击了贵族女性的奢侈腐化,进而直指整个贵族等级。贵族被视为丧失了应有的美德与存在价值,其权威与统治的合法性遭到了质疑。借助性别的话语,该论争在承袭了古典传统对奢侈批评态度的同时,展现了不同社会等级之间的对峙与冲突,是当时社会政治矛盾的真实反映。"奢侈论争"的背后反映出的是大革命前夕摇摇欲坠的旧制度等级社会。

The 'debate on luxury' in 18^(th) century France was not only political,economic,and religious in nature,but was also gender-related.Compared with previous anti-luxury arguments,the criticism on the extravagance and corruption of aristocratic women,or even the aristocracy as a whole,was vehement.Aristocrats were considered as a group without merit and virtue,whose authority and legitimacy were strongly questioned.Under the guise of a gender-related issue,the debate inherited the classical tradition of abstemiousness and revealed the conflict between different social classes,mirroring the adversarial social-political situation.Behind the ' debate on luxury' was the creaking ramshackle of the old hierarchical society at the dawn of the French Revolution.