1969—1972年美日关于琉球群岛美军基地的谈判及其影响

The Negotiations about American Military Bases in the Ryukyu Islands between the US and Japan in 1969-1972 and Their Influences

在美日返还琉球群岛施政权谈判的过程中,美日两国各自的谈判方针与谈判策略呈现不同的变化趋向。签署多种形式的秘密谅解文件成为同时满足美日双方利益需求的主要手段。日本政府与冲绳军用地地主联合会的交涉,与美日外交关于驻琉球群岛美军基地问题的谈判前后相承,昭示了日本政府维护美日安保体制、迎合美国亚洲军事战略的政策取向。美国返还琉球群岛施政权以后,驻琉球美军基地的布局有所调整、数量有所减少,但其功能几乎没有改变、核心区域几乎全部保留下来,驻琉球群岛美军基地与美国在朝鲜半岛防务政策的关系也没有改变。美日关于钓鱼岛群岛黄尾屿、赤尾屿使用用途的秘密约定严重侵犯中国国家主权。

During the negotiation process of the transfer of the administrative rights of the Ryukyu Islands,the US and Japan signed several confidential agreements related to the disposition of American military bases.Meanwhile,in order to ensure the the Americans the right to use the land of military bases,the Japanese government also reached understanding with the local union of military land landowners in Okinawa.The formulation of these agreements revealed changes in negotiation purposes and strategies of both sides,and reflected a correlation between Japan-American diplomatic negotiation and Japanese domestic politics.After the Okinawa Reversion the transfer of the odmininstrative rights,the function of American military bases in Ryukyu has barely changed,with almost all central areas of the bases retained.The relation between military bases in Ryukyu and American defense policy in the Korean Peninsula has also remained intact.Japan partly took over the defense responsibility of Ryukyu,which signified a new phase of the Japan-US security system.