狄奥尼索斯崇拜与雅典民主政治

The Worship of Dionysus and Athenian Democracy

在雅典,狄奥尼索斯崇拜等宗教活动与城邦政治彼此和谐地交融在一起。狄奥尼索斯崇拜具有消融社会等级界限、增强社会成员凝聚力性的功能,在雅典民主政治形成的过程中弱化了平民和贵族之间的矛盾,对塑造雅典民主政治的意识发挥了积极作用。梭伦改革前后,酒神狄奥尼索斯的形象大量地出现在瓶画等艺术作品上。庇西忒拉图时期,建立了城邦共同庆祝的城市酒神节。克里斯提尼改革时,酒神颂歌比赛成为融合各部落团结的重要手段。而在雅典民主政体巩固和发展的过程中,城邦对狄奥尼索斯崇拜活动也进行了细致的管理,城市酒神节成为表达城邦意识的主要场合。

In the formation of Athenian democratic politics,the worship of Dionysus helped with the melting of boundaries and the enhancement of integrity.It reconciled the conflict between commoners and aristocrats and exerted a positive influence on the building of Athenian ideology.Before and after Solon's reforms,there was a boom of Dionysus' images on artifacts,like vases;the city Dionysia was established during the rule of Peisistratus;the dithyramb competitions were used by Cleisthenes as an important method to unite different clans.On the other hand,in the reinforcement and development of Athenian democracy,the city state made detailed stipulations on the practice of Dionysus worship.The city Dionysia hence became a major medium for the expression of ideology.In Athens,the worship of Dionysus and other religious practices coordinated consonantly wifh the politics of the city state.