论国际体育仲裁院上诉管辖机制的特殊性

Particularities of Appellate Jurisdiction Mechanism of CAS

从发展历程来看,上诉管辖机制虽然自国际体育仲裁院建立初期即已经存在,但它的逐渐完善却是不断改革的结果,其中应特别注意1992年审理的GUNDEL案带来的广泛影响。与国际商事仲裁不同,此种针对体育组织决定的上诉管辖机制极为特殊。上诉管辖的依据,无论基于体育组织的章程,还是当事人订立具体的仲裁协议,都只是在满足瑞士法的信赖原则的基础上发生拟制的合意;上诉管辖的条件,其不仅要求当事人用尽体育组织内部的救济方式,还必须在规定的期限内提起,具有行政案件处理的特点;上诉管辖的范围,它虽然主要解决体育组织和会员之间的管理性质的纠纷,但也包括因对组织处理下属俱乐部和球员之间的雇佣争议作出的决定不服发生的纠纷,具有广泛性的特征。国际体育仲裁院上诉管辖机制的特殊性已经获得了能够撤销国际体育仲裁裁决的瑞士联邦法院以及此类裁决潜在的承认或执行国法院的认可,有必要引起体育界的重视。故此,在接受国际体育仲裁院上诉管辖机制并对包括《仲裁法》在内的现行法规定加以完善的基础上,未来在确立我国的体育仲裁制度时,应极力构建我国的体育仲裁上诉管辖机制。

From the process of development,although the appellate jurisdiction mechanism exists from the foundation of CAS,its perfection is the result ofconstant reform,which should pay special attention of influence of GUNDEL adjudicated in 1992. Different form international commercial arbitration,suchjurisdiction mechanism directed at decisions of sports organizations has its own characteristics. With regard to the basis of jurisdiction,whether a case issubmitted to the CAS according to regulations of sports organizations,or the parties have concluded a specific arbitration agreement,there are only fictionalconsensuses according to the principle of trust of Swiss law. With regard to the conditions of jurisdiction,it not only requires the parties to exhaust all internalremedies,but also to appeal within the prescribed time limit,which has the nature of administrative cases. With regard to the scope of jurisdiction,althoughit mainly resolves regulatory disputes between the sports organizations and their members,but still deals with disputes arising from which are dissatisfied withdecisions on the employment controversies between subordinate clubs and their players,which has a character of universality. Its particularities have beenwidely recognized by not only the Swiss Federal Tribunal which could annul the awards of international sports arbitration,but also the courts of other nationswhich potentially could refuse to recognize and enforce such awards,which should arouse attention of sports world. After accepting of appellate jurisdictionmechanism of CAS and perfecting of some aspects of current legislations including the Arbitration Law,when establishing the institution of sports arbitrationof China,we must spare no effect to build appellate jurisdiction mechanism of Chinese sports arbitration.