全面深化改革背景下我国体育治理结构问题厘析与改革路径研究

Sports Governance Structure Problems and Reform Path under the Comprehensive Deepening Reform in China

我国当前以"强"政府为主要特征的"塔形"体育治理结构,由于市场与社会力量的缺失,存在着治理主体结构性分离的问题,已不能很好地适应国家治理的大趋势。首先,对政府来说,既未能在总量上解决体育资源配置的难题,又存在着结构性失衡以及公平性不足的弊端;其次,对市场来说,由于客观环境与自身特性的限制,其存在着发育不充分与调节失序并存的缺陷;再次,对社会组织来说,由于独立性不够与成长空间不足,它并未真正承担起体育治理的重任。解决这些问题,必须在全面深化改革的背景下,通过由"管理"到"治理"的探索,推进我国体育治理结构改革,重新调整与建构各治理主体间的关系。据此,对如何形成我国"网式"体育治理结构的改革路径进行探寻:(1)通过有管理的市场化,实现政府与市场的理性结合,走"有为政府与有效市场"共治之路;(2)通过培育和引导体育社会组织,实现官方与民间的协同治理;(3)通过体制的改革,寻求公共体育利益的平衡机制,实现各治理主体合作与良性互动的网络治理格局。

At present,Chinese government is a＂strong＂government which has the ＂pyramid＂ structure in sports governance. Due to the role of market andsocial forces,the sports governance has the problem of governance separation,and cannot adapt to the trend of national governance. Firstly,the governmenthas problems in allocation sports resources,structural imbalance and lack of fairness. Secondly,the market has the defect of inadequate development and ad-justment disorder coexistence because of objective conditions and limits of its characteristics. Thirdly,the social organization cannot really take the task ofsports management due to lacking of independence and inadequate development space. In order to solve these problems,the government needs to reform thesports governance,adjust and reconstruct the relationship between each governance subject under the comprehensively deepening reform. Thus,we analyzedthe path for establishing sports governance networks in China：（1）unite government and market rationally,build ＂promising government and effective mar-ket＂ through the market-oriented management;（2）form cooperative governance with non-government organizations by fostering and guiding social organiza-tions;（3）lead to cooperative and virtuous interaction among governance subjects by structural reform and balance the benefits of public sports.