德国能力本位学习领域与澳大利亚能力本位培训比较研究

A Comparative Study of German Competency-based Learning Fields and Australia Competency-based Training

德国和澳大利亚对能力概念的理解不同,德国对能力的界定主要指职业行动能力,强调职业行动能力各个组成部分之间重要的相互依存关系,能力被认为是一个整体的、相互依存的概念。澳大利亚对能力的界定更加关注技术和工作岗位能力,这些能力由于其模块化的特征,彼此之间相互独立。由于对能力理解的不同,德国能力本位学习领域与澳大利亚能力本位培训呈现出不同的基本特征。前者是基于培训职业而设计的系统化的跨学科课程,强调对技能型人才的系统化培养;而后者是基于岗位而设计的模块课程,模块之间相互独立、缺乏系统性,但灵活性强。两种模式各具特色,我国职业教育教学改革可以整合两种模式的优势,探索符合国情的改革之路。

Germany and Australia have different understanding about the concept of competency. Germany defines competency as professional action competency and emphasizes the important interdependent relationship among each component of professional action competency, competency is considered as a whole and interdependent concept. The Australian concept of competency is more focused on technical and work post competencies that are independent from each other due to their modularized character. Due to different understanding of competency, the German competency-based learning fields and Australian competency-based training show different characteristics. The former is designed as systematic interdisciplinary curriculum which is based on training profession, and emphasizes on cultivating skilled talents systematically; the latter is designed as modular curriculum which is based on position, the modules are independent with each other, which lacks systematization but has good flexibility. China can integrate their advantages to promote the teaching reform of vocational education.